Cataracts are a common eye condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to vision impairment. This cloudiness occurs due to protein buildup in the lens, which scatters light and prevents clear images from forming on the retina. Symptoms can range from mild blurriness and sensitivity to light to severe vision loss that impacts daily activities. While cataracts are most commonly associated with aging, they can also result from certain medical conditions, injuries, or prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light.